![]() ![]() Some improvements have been proposed for the LLE of SAD from rapeseed or mustard extracts: (1) some authors have used a defatting step with hexane in order to remove the fatty acids before the purification step (2) other authors have added salt (NaCl) to increase the mass transfer of the targeted SAD from the aqueous phase to the organic phase, due to the salting-out effect (3) the use of tetrahydrofuran has also reported to improve the extraction of phenolic acids, (4) a biphasic system coupling enzymatic decarboxylation and toluene extraction allowed to recover canolol with high purity (> 90% (w/w)) and yield (3 mg/g meal). Despite the common use of LLE in the chemical industry, pilot scale LLE has not been reported in the case of SAD extraction from the rapeseed and mustard seeds. The transfer between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic phases is generally carried out with the shake flask method or more recently, by centrifugation/vortexing. ![]()
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